The News Report

Hello Everyone!

I am Zarna Bhatti, and welcome to time now the digital news channel Department of English.

The highlights of the news are:

The Camera crew went to the hot seat of the Department. Yes, indeed it’s the head office. The news reporter had an interview with the head of department.

One can imagine from the desk how busy the man can be however we have special news coverage.

We can see how department is well known in Bhavnagar University campus, because the best output of human capabilities can be found in Department of English. During the course of M.A. Learning Language, Literature, Criticism, Cultural studies, Translation, Diaspora, Indian Writing in English, International Paper Presentation, Foreign Guests Speakers, Cultural exchange visiting faculties, are also invited at Department of English. a lot. Through Leaders and other members of various committee works on it. Such as Daily Shedual, Library celebration, garding, creative art and bulletin committee.

      Out of this here is a special report all few of in daily shedual committee his self but also can develop personality as well. Daily shedual committee offers a platform not only to present on item but also offers a scope of personality development.

       Another is library committee where students can exchange and improve their ideas and thought very well by using it.

      Department of English has rich access to knowledge which is very welf updated through a library committee. Frequent visities to the central library, issuing and maintaining the library leadjre.Depatment has university library books, and department library books.

     Other is celebration committee in which entire year’s academic and non academic activities as well as programmes, highliguted that is quite enough to overview department active participation within.

      Before coming to the end, I would say that our eng department is a hub of knowledge and development. Where one can definitely get accordingly. Environment and sources that we all are getting to develop our self from here is itself enough to prove department’s significance as sir also said sometimes that department is our second home, so with homely surrounding wr all are learning together and hope to bill it shining ever and ever.

Harry Potter- By J.K.Rowling

Children's Literature and Harry Potter:

The novel is related to the children literature it means that the children literature books were related to the ideas of self observing it means that children should like those things which were directly related with their self existence and self learning also   So we can say that J.K Rowling has created the new world into the novel which is directly connected to the speculative literature as we can see the children's literature. 

In Harry Potter mostly all the scene were related to the magic and power of reality and a different world which is not possible into the real world also. So children like those things which related to power and magic as well as a different world also.

The Theme of Love and Death:


Love and death are major themes in J.K.Rowling’s Harry Potter books. The theme of love and death is as old as human being live on the earth. 

The theme of love and death goes parallel to the text but stands opposite throughout the text. Here we can divided into two part one is Willingly and second is forcefully. Harry stands in the world because of love by his mother while Voldemort can be considered as from black background rather from the evil.

Harry has love in the form of  friends while Voldemort also has company but in the form of follower. Those who followers him not as a friend instead of that they serve Voldemort out of self-motive or out of fear.

Voldemort thinks that love is the weakness of human being while Harry take it as a supporting side of it. Another thing can be considered as that.

Death – self preservation he is fear for death that's the only reason to reached him to divided his should into seven  Horcruxe.

The three brother's story using clock – somehow death could find out its own way. Accept the choice willingly.

Feminist reading Harmione:

  -Harmione is not intellectual debut between Dumbledore and Harry.
  -Professor Dumbledore always help to Harry.
  When Harry meet the Dumbledore at that time Harmione is not a present.
- Here we can found that those are the ground in society for women character.
-Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women. 
-She is intelligent and warrior.
-Characters like Lily, etc.
but at the end we can also say that this book also deconstruct as anti feminist book.


Harry potter” series in Harmione is center Female character in novel. As feminism is range of political, ideological, cultural, personal and economical equality that not foe only men but also for women. She is beautiful and intelligent girl. She knows about her magical tricks and how uses them. She is Intelligent and worries girl. At begin film in Harmione is brave girl; her friends are Harry & Ron. As Rowling is female writer as portrayed of women are intelligent and smart, not for weak & dumb characters. This novel all about to Feminine perspective but in other thought not margin of Women. But it is all about to Anti Feminine ideas. She is confident, and constantly stood up for herself and her friends.  But we see that Women works are smarter than men. As we say about has central women protagonist. As we see Harmione character in film we see that Men (Harry & Ron) use of Harmione. She loves Ron.  Harry and Ron rescue Harmione from a troll, but instead of holding it over her head and acting superior, they treat it as a bonding experience. And also she jealous to other female characters. As we thinks about to critical that in film every time magic, talk to Dumbledore, Fight with Veldemor & Harry, Broken to Horcruxes at that point Harmione not there. It means that as something brave or mysterious work women not do that. Harmione broke only one Horcruxe. In one scene Harmione solves a logic puzzle. she and Harry realize that only one of them can go on to save the Sorcerer's Stone. 

Here I am sharing score of my self-assessment for this blog.
Overall Visual Appeal- 2
Navigation & Flow- 2
Mechanical Aspects-1
Motivational Effectiveness of Introduction- 2
Cognitive Effectiveness of the Introduction-1
Connection of Task to Standards- 3
Cognitive Level of the Task- 2
Clarity of Process -3
Scaffolding of Process- 3
Richness of Process- 2
Relevance & Quantity of Resources- 3
Quality of Resources- 3
Clarity of Evaluation Criteria-3
Total Marks:- 30/50.

Thank You..

daily shedual

I introduced this committee is the daily participation of all students. Daily Schedule starts with University song and then Prayer and at last we sing our National Song.

 So, many various columns like: Thought for the day, News reading, Opinion Building, Vocabulary drill, Personal Presentation, Book Report, Regional Literature, and Humor of the day etc.

When I was a fresher here, I just wondered what this happening was but my seniors and classmates helped me in understanding it. This is a platform where many activities take place.

 In this committee, the main is that benefit all the students get the chance to perform of on the stage, and in our opinion or views, sharing our ideas, with everybody. This activity we are only our English Department. Because of this activity we enhance our communication skills, knowledge about vocabulary and all four skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing skills improved.

I had been taken participate in my favorite column like: News Reading. I had always reading news paper in my class. I got so many ideas, thinking, skills. When I read news paper that time I improved my four skills like: Listening, writing, Speaking, Reading, and improved our vocabulary.

In the end of Daily Schedule, head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad gives comments and counterpoints which is very useful for us to improve ourselves.

Refugee, Mother and Child- Chinua Achebe

Introduction

Chinua Achebe has written several novels and many poems. Indeed, he is considered to be one of the finest literally artists to have come out of Africa. He is a believer that all literature "should have a message, should have a purpose."

The Background for the Poem:

In 1967 civil war broke out in Nigeria when the Catholic dominated province of Biafra attempted independence from the Moslem dominated central state. During those fateful years, Achebe worked as an ambassador for the Biafran government.
The war went badly for the Biafrans who suffered immensely, and starvation was rife. The poet's firsthand experience of the hardship and struggle inspired him to write "Refugee Mother and Child".

Reference to Madonna and Child : Its Significance:

The Madonna is Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, and the Child is her son, Jesus. A statue of the Madonna holding the Infant Jesus is common in the Catholic Church. Remember that Achebe wrote this poem in the Catholic province of Biafra, where statues of the Madonna and Child would have been common.

The unavoidability of Death of the Children:

The mothers all know that their children are dying. It is what is known as a "defence mechanism" that the mothers use to protect themselves. There is nothing they can do to prevent their children from dying, and so they protect themselves from psychological destruction by giving the appearance that they no longer care. Starvation was rife in the refugee camp. Children in the camp were dying with regularity, and the mother knows that her own son would probably also soon be dead.

The Blown up Bellies of the Children:

The children are suffering from kwashiorkor, which the Oxford Dictionary describes as "a form of malnutrition caused by a protein deficiency of diet, especially in young children in the tropics". It leads the children's bellies to blow up. So these children are starving (have empty bellies) but their bellies are blown up from kwashiorkor.

Without the comma, the meaning would be that the odours were of diarrhoea from the unwashed children. By omitting the commas, the poet forces the reader to think out the meaning of his lines. He is also able to hide two or even three different meanings in each line.

Starvation at the Refugee Camp:

Starvation was rife in the refugee camp. Children in the camp were dying with regularity, and the mother knows that her own son would probably also soon be dead. The woman is watching her child dying. Her little acts of love and kindness are therefore not unlike the ritual of putting flowers on his grave

The poet is looking to an earlier life before the war broke out, a life when food was in abundance, a life when breakfast and school were an everyday event. Now there is no breakfast, no school, but only a refugee camp and death.

How Literature Shaped me?

“Literature is the treasure of Knowledge which never going to be ends.”

But now the point is that how this treasure of Knowledge shaped me. What kind of knowledge I getting from this treasure?

Let starts from the very beginning at my B.A. level.

“Exaggeration always destroying,

Exaggeration leads towards tragic facts.”

That’s what I learn from “Tughlaq” and the same theme carried out in “Dr. Faustus” by Christopher Marlow; “Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hide” by Robert Louis Stevenson; “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley.

Mary Shelley also talks about the patriarchal power and also tries to deconstruct the idea of it through creating such kind of monster. The importance of women in the society is very low and each and every stage they are humiliated, suppressed or oppressed by male dominance society. But Virginia Woolf highly criticized this society through putting such argumentative point in “To the Lighthouse” that-

Why women cannot write and paint?

Likewise, Milton describe the argumentative nature of women through the character of Eve in the year 1667 that’s what Virginia Woolf proved out into the year 1927 through the character of Lily Briscoe. Even Jane Austen digs deep and carried out how the patriarchal society operates.

So these all text teach me that not be the character like Mrs. Ramsay, who pretending that she is good while she also wants the symptoms of Lily Briscoe, who live life freely. In short individuality is everything.Freedom is everything. One can have the choice to live life how they want to live. This thing I learn from “the Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Afterward, the novel “The White Tiger” by Aravind Adiga, also talks about the same idea that-

Individualism is everything. Why are we waiting for others changes rather change ourselves? I think that India is great country. India finds everything. But this text criticized the idea of habit of India people who believe that India is find out everything. This novel got the criticism that Adiga feeding English people’s mentality through this novel.

So I must say that they have very limited knowledge about the literature. Maybe they not read T.S.Eliot’ “The Waste Land”, who criticized his own land to call it as a Waste Land. So, it teaches me that if we are wrong at some point we must accept it and always be ready to change ourselves. Further in “Gulliver’s Travels”, Swift also criticized his own culture.

Furthermore, the Old man and the Sea, teach me that “EVERY DAY IS NEW DAY”. Dedication, determination and hard work are ultimate truth that I learn from this novel.

“Be Skeptical” towards everything that I learn from Julian Barnes’ “The Sense of an Ending” and from Dan Brown’s “The Da Vinci Code”. Doubt everything and not believe in anything easily.

J.K.Rowling’s “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” teach me that“DEATH IS INEVITABLE”. Fear from the death one cannot harm others existence. Hatred, jealousy, murder is not the ultimate elements for living good life rather love and friendship is ultimate elements to living good life.

In the critical situation God always help us that I learn from Life of Pi by Yann Martel, Chetan Bhagat’s “One Night at the Call Center”, Dan Brown’s “The Da Vinci Code”, and “Moby Dick” by Herman Melville.

Totally opposite to that is what Samuel Beckett talks about in “Waiting for Godot”. It aware us about the RESPONSIBILITIES that human being have. Normally people don’t fulfill their responsibilities so they hide themselves under the curtain of religion. It always reminds me whenever I take breathing that we are habituated to doing the things.

Likewise, we never see ourselves that where are we wrong. We always try to put ourselves into margin. Moreover we always are craving sympathy from other. That’s what the African Literature talks about. They tries to look back to themselves that where are they wrong. What is their fault? In reality we also make ourselves like "BICHARA KIND" of people and want sympathy from other. So it makes our life one step backward. But here all the African Literature not gives us pleasure instead of that it is give us frustration, hatred, anger and what not. These books were not written out of compassion but out of compulsion.

The post-colonial Literature talks about those who are intentionally wiped out from the map or not having voice, it giving voice to them. It is centering the decenter.

In short literature is for those who are marginalized by the power. It giving space to them and talking from their point of view or perspective.

So, in a way I got lots of things from the Literature but when it became the matter of practical use of literature, it may fail. Accept this i more like all theories and all post-colonial literature and some modern literature.

"Logan" Movie Review

I had watched the “Logan” 2017 movie with my one part of my life, best and hilarious friend.

My first unconcerned experience with their. So, I feel lots of enjoyed with their. In this film is very fantastic one of the best movies of X-man series, father & daughter relationship is executed brilliantly by director. Logan what a great ending & fantastic story. Outstanding performance & action by Hugh Jackman, amazing movie. This film is good & awesome performance by Hugh & young girl Loura and the action a whole. Here, in this movie story based on science & fiction, adventure movie. Here, I applied deconstructs theory I studied this theory in my M.A. “Logan” deconstructs the modern super hero movie. 

What is Literature?

What is Literature?

Throughout these five years I came through various definition of Literature. First is very common and famous definition – 

“Literature is mirror of the society”. 

But it is not so because mirror shows only one side of us while literature shows the dual side of people.

During these two years of M.A. so many changes take place in my life. It is the effect of literature and through it my thinking process, mentality and behavior changes.

“Literature is something that reflects society, makes us think about ourselves and our society, allows us to enjoy language and beauty, it can be didactic, and it reflects on the human condition. It both reflects ideology and changes ideology, just like it follows generic conventions as well as changing them. It has social and political effects: just ask Salman Rushdie or Vladimir Nanakov. Literature is the creation of another world, a world that we can only see through reading literature: just like Harry Potter and series of it.”

Literature is a mixture of various things like joy, emotions, anger, human behaviors, etc. So we can say that we get everything from literature. We can develop our thinking capacity through reading literature. We also get knowledge of small kid to old person. It is useful to us if we take it positive.

When I was in graduation study at that time I was not able to think about various terms and theories. But after M.A I am able to apply and think on those terms like feminism, deconstruction, colonialism, etc. And after thinking on those all things I am become open minded and able to accept new things. When I was in graduation study at that time I was not able to think about various terms and theories. But after M.A I am able to apply and think on those terms like feminism, deconstruction, colonialism, etc. And after thinking on those all things I am become open minded and able to accept new things.

 I study so many poems, novels, short stories, criticism and plays during my journey of five years of literature.

Paradise lost one of the last epic poem by Milton, written during g declining days of Christianity celebrates being human rather than divine, where Adam choose Eve( a human being) over God.

From the time of age of Renaissance to this New Literatures we studied so many novels, plays, poems, dramas, and short stories. Hamlet, Paradise Lost, Gulliver’s Travels, Robinson Crusoe, Middlemarch, Oliver Twist, The Old Man and The Sea, Sense and Sensibility, Frankenstein, One Night @ The Call Centre, Harry Potter, The Da Vinci Code, The Grain of Wheat, Things Fall Apart, Waiting for the Barbarians these all text we studies in Post Graduation. All texts presents such common themes like struggle of life, revenge motif, magical world and fantasy, religion, identity of black and white etc.

So it is not only for pleasure and moral but it develops our thinking capacity.

A Grain of Wheat-By James Ngugi Wa Thiong'o

Introduction :-

A Grain of Wheat is a novel by Kenyan novelist Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o first published as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. ‘A Grain of Wheat’ is a short but noticeable novel, having only a one main incident. It was come under South African Literature. It was written in 1967. It was written by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. It contains some historical events in it. It was very firstly represented as events in this novel. It was also known as Kenyan novel, too.

About The Author:

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o is a Kenyan writer, formerly working in English and now working in Gikuyu. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal Mũtĩiri.

A Grain of Wheat is one of the great novel written by Kenyan writer namely Ngugi Wa Thiong’o. This novel published in 1967. This is a story about events and relationships leading up to a country’s struggle for independence, and the story, focusing on the quite Mugo, whose life is ruled by a dark secret.

In this novel A Grain of Wheat writer has presented for the first time an African perspective on the Kenyan armed revolt against British Colonial rule during the 1950s. This novel marked Ngugi’s break with cultural nationalism and also his embarking of Fanonist Marxism. The title of the novel refers to the Biblical theme of Self-sacrifice, a part of the new birth!

“Unless A Grain of Wheat die”

It is an allegorical story of one man’s mistaken heroism and a search for the betrayer of a Mau Mau leader. Many of the critics have also praised the work and role of Ngugi as an influential Post-Colonial African written, particularly in his portrayal of corrupt post-liberation African Government.

This novel A Grain of Wheat is divided into three eras that are;

-Pre- Colonial

-Post-Colonial

-Colonial

The story of this novel is center around the character Mugo. The plot revolves around his home village’s preparation for Kenya’s Independence day celebration, “Uhuru day”. On that day, former resistance fighters General R. and Koinandu plan on publicly executing the traitor who betrayed Kihika. The entire novel tells about the history of Kenya and the Mau Mau revolt.

A Grain of Wheat was a turning point in the formal and ideological of his works. This text is multi-narrative liens and multi-viewpoints unfolding at different times and spaces replace the linear temporal unfolding of the plot form a single viewpoint. The collective replaces the individual as the center of history.

Here Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o tried to give very powerful voice to her female character like, Mumbi. Without her presence this novel seems very dull or lack of interest.

Waiting for the Barbarians- by J.M.Coetzee.

Waiting for the Barbarians is a novel by South African writer J.M. Coetzee.  Story of the book is narrated in the First person by unnamed magistrate of small colonial town that exist as the territorial frontier of the empire. The Magistrate’s rather peaceful existence comes to an end with the Empire’s declaration of a State of emergency and with the Deployment of the 3^rdBureau Special force of the empire due to rumors that the area’s residential people who called according to them ‘’ barbarians’’ by the colonists might be preparing to attack the town so Sinister Colonel Joll who was like leader and so Third Bureau captures some Barbarians, then they brings them back to town and they torture them, kills some of them and then leaves for the capital in order to prepare a large campaign.

 At that time the Magistrate questioned the legitimacy of imperialism and he personally nurses a barbarian girls. She was left crippled and partly blinded by the Third Bureau’s torture. Magistrate has an intimate although uncertain relation ship with that barbarian girl. Then Magistrate decides to take that girl to her people.  After a dangerous trip through the barren land, during which they have sex, and finally he succeed in returning to her then he finally asking her to stay with him and he returned to his own town. Then other soldier comes to know about him and they punished him and story goes on.

 At that time the Magistrate questioned the legitimacy of imperialism and he personally nurses a barbarian girls. She was left crippled and partly blinded by the Third Bureau’s torture. Magistrate has an intimate although uncertain relation ship with that barbarian girl. Then Magistrate decides to take that girl to her people.  After a dangerous trip through the barren land, during which they have sex, and finally he succeed in returning to her then he finally asking her to stay with him and he returned to his own town. Then other soldier comes to know about him and they punished him and story goes on

 At that time the Magistrate questioned the legitimacy of imperialism and he personally nurses a barbarian girls. She was left crippled and partly blinded by the Third Bureau’s torture. Magistrate has an intimate although uncertain relation ship with that barbarian girl. Then Magistrate decides to take that girl to her people.  After a dangerous trip through the barren land, during which they have sex, and finally he succeed in returning to her then he finally asking her to stay with him and he returned to his own town. Then other soldier comes to know about him and they punished him and story goes on

Coetzee intentionally used the word violence because it has its own importance the crucial question is about the meaning of violence for an individual, that is how an individual person come to understand violence on one’s own terms. The evolution of Coetzee’s treatment of violence in his works may be described as progression from his examination of the perpetrators and tortures to his concentration on the oppressed with their suffering and resistance to his projection of meaningful relations based on ethical values. We can say about Coetzee that he exposes himself in front of the readers, betrays himself and becomes utterly vulnerable.

The Swamp Dwellers- by woleSoyinka

The Swamp Dwellers is a play of worldwide appeal. It talks about distant rural and urban society, family life, conflict of old and new society, psychological conflicts between old and young generations, love for modernity and love for the swamp the supernatural, unfavorable forces of nature and so many problems. He focuses on family ties, love for family, hints of love in trivial quarrel between the married in the play.

Whenever they speak of their twin sons Awuchike and Igwezu, Makuri and Alu are seen continually at each other's throats. But their argument bears the testimony of deep love for each other and for their future generations and exhibits great concern for family ties that were in susceptible condition during the transitional period in the post-colonial African states. AkinwandeOluwoleWole Soyinka vividly portrays such family relationships, the individual and socio-cultural tensions pervading in Nigeria in his widely read The Swamp Dwellers. The patches of stories extremely adorned in the play give a preview of family bond throughout the play.

It also gives us a picture of the consistency that existed between the individual and southern Nigerian society. The conflict between tradition and modernity is also reflected in the play. The play mirrors the socio-cultural pattern, the pain and the sufferings of the swamp dwellers and underlines the need for absorbing new ideas. The struggle between human beings and unfavorable forces of nature is also captured in the play.  His method is not only of sociological sense, but of human beings. The characterspresented in The Swamp Dwellers happen to exist in a particular place and time, but the universally significantthemes raises the play to a great height. The support of his writings, especially The Swamp Dwellers, may be the culture of Yoruba but the play excels the demarcation and falls in the stream of international movements forhumanity. On the other hand, out of all these broadly discussed themes some examples of powerful family bondcan be discovered through an extensive and analytical study of the play.A dramatist’s criticism of life is most fully personified in the spirit and trend of the action

The Swamp Dwellers is primarily concerned about social changes. An easy access to shortly abundant oil has caused the social changes and has an impact on human relationships in many African countries especially in Nigeria during mid-twentiethcentury. The play demonstrates how a money-making society is ruined, and falls into a deep tension, disappointment and frustration. The play concentrates on the conflict between the old and the young who are constantly approaching for better life. The clash between custom and innovation is also reflected in the play. It also investigates the existentialist elements, and finds parity between the old and the new. The priest Kadiye becomes fatter with gifts demanded in the name of the serpent. The serpent is pacified whenever his high priest Kadiye receives gifts from the swamp dwellers.

Igwezu becomes shocked to see himself in a dilemma of two cultures- the city one and the rural one. Two cultures have made him a union chamber causing deep frustration to him in the long run through the depiction of transitional aspects, Soyinka’sattempt is to strengthen the sense of nationality Instances of powerful family bond in Soyinka’s The Swamp Dwellers.

In the very opening scene of the play we can see Quarrels between Alu andMakuri.We see the hints of verbal bicker between the two old marriedAluand Makuri. Alu seems more impatient than Makuri, and she is constantly nagging in the households. Aluhas been waiting for long for her dear son and in her every household work she attempts to peep the doorways with great expectations of their son‟s return. 

Igwezu becomes shocked to see himself in a dilemma of two cultures- the city one and the rural one. Two cultures have made him a union chamber causing deep frustration to him in the long run through the depiction of transitional aspects, Soyinka’sattempt is to strengthen the sense of nationality Instances of powerful family bond in Soyinka’s The Swamp Dwellers.

Wole Soyinka mostly rely on ritual and traditional sources for writing the play but this does not make his play traditional, rather this trend of writing play goes beyond the border  and gets universal recognition in perspective of humanity. The playwright uses the raw materials of myths and certain formal properties to furnish the play producing something new and sometimes entirely unexpected. Although the play sometimes exposes banal elements of human affairs, it gradually unravels the dramatist’s inner side and the universal complexities humans face across the globe. The banal elements which have stitched the play ultimately portray love for trends and tradition love for stability of human beings and love of family, the extended family. The dialogues exchanged in the play demonstrate strong family bond and love yearned by the chief characters.

    The Swamp Dwellers makes use of contrast, parallelism, humor and irony in a suitable manner. Soyinka focuses the plight of the swamp dwellers in the play realistically. The swamp dwellers are at the mercy of furious nature unless they compromise tradition with modernity, embrace modern technology they wouldn’t have a bright future.

Ode to Psyche- by John Kets

Psyche was a beautiful mortal that Eros, the god of love, fell in love with. Her mortality was an issue and drama ensued. Zeus ultimately resolved the situation by granting her immortality so that the two could be together

Keats poem is a tribute to the goddess, Psyche. He expresses his loyalty to Psyche calling her “Father than phoebe’s sapphire-region’s star”, and “o brightest” Keats exemplifies his devotion by saying, “I will be the priest.” As well as many other promises.  As a minor goddess, Keats believes Psyche does not get enough praise. She deserves the temples, altars, and choirs dedicated to the major gods. Keats promises to provide these for her. He will show his everlasting loyalty by being, "Thy voice, thy lute, thy pipe, thy incense sweet..."

The word ‘Psyche’ is Greek for soul. It is hence understandable why Keats wrote about a woman so beautiful the god of love fell in love with her – very blatant parallel with Keats’ love for Fanny Brawne.

Before the stanzas of the poem speaker comes across a couple, one a winged boy the other Psyche. Main idea is the speaker’s pleasure in the imagination and the soul, this psyche. And wants to worship  Psyche with his mind and imagination, direct all energy towards this.

Ode to Autumn- by John Keats

"Ode to Autumn” was one of the Keats’ last ever poem. The language of the ode is simple, reflecting the natural language of man. This poem also inductively addresses the theme of beauty in death.

The basic meaning of the poem is to fall is the culmination of hard work and finally offers a time of rest, rejuvenation for a new cycle, and reward for hard work. This poem highlights the beauty and woman warmth of Autumn. Summer is a time for growth and work and winter is represented with cold and darkness but Autumn is a time for rest and enjoyment before the cold months. 

The theme of “To Autumn” is that time passes and that each portion is appreciated by different individuals. An important characteristic of an ode, is its dedication to the topic, however it cannot be said that “To Autumn” is only devotion to Autumn, because that would only neglect the rich emotional appeal of “To Autumn”

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;

To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells

With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,

Until they think warm days will never cease,

For summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

In the first line Keats already awakens our senses to the sounds, tastes and colours of Autumn. Autumn is personified as a friend of the sun and these two friends work together to create the most delicious fruit. The idea of fullness and fulfillment is developed in the words 'budding' 'swell' and 'plump'. In the first stanza, Keats concentrates on the sights of autumn, ripening grapes and apples, swelling gourds and hazel nuts, and blooming flowers.

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;

Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,

Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:

And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

Steady thy laden head across a brook;

Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

In the second stanza, the emphasis is on the characteristic activities of autumn, threshing, reaping, gleaning, and cider making.
Autumn is being personified several times:

Autumn is a woman, sitting in a granary, whose hair is gently lifted by the wind. This is a striking image of the chaff being separated from the wheat.
Next, Autumn becomes a reaper, drowsy from the smell of poppies, resting from her labour of harvesting
The last 'human' figure that Autumn becomes is the gleaner.
However, it is also a metaphor as the image is that of a willow tree over a brook, which looks just like a gleaner bent over the wheat, with her hair falling forward over her face
The stanza comes to a leisurely end with a person watching the apple juice ooze out of the cider press. The rhythm slows down considerably with the words 'last oozings hours by hours' - you cannot say this quickly!

Where are the songs of spring? Ay, Where are they?

Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—

While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,

And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;

Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn

Among the river sallows, borne aloft

Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;

Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;

And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

In the concluding stanza, the poet puts the emphasis on the sounds of autumn, produced by insects, animals, and birds. To his ears, this music is just as sweet as the music of spring. The last stanza also describes the end of Autumn as the fields have now been harvested and all the work is done. The earth, as well as the farmers will enter a period of rest in the cold winter months. The ending of the poem is artistically made to correspond with the ending of a day: "And gathering swallows twitter in the skies."